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A TRMM Microwave Radiometer Rain Rate Estimation Method with Convective and Stratiform Discrimination

机译：对流层状鉴别的TRMM微波辐射计雨率估算方法

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Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) radiometer brightness temperature data in the 85 GHz channel (T85) reveal distinct local minima (T85min) in a regional map containing a Mesoscale Convective System (MCS). This is because of relatively small footprint size (approximately 5.5 km) and strong extinction properties in this channel of the TMI. A map of surface rain rate for that region, deduced from simultaneous measurements made by the Precipitation Radar (PR) on board the TRMM satellite, reveals that these T85(sub min), produced by scattering, correspond to local PR rain maxima. Utilizing the PR rain rate map as a guide, we infer empirically from TMI data the presence of three different kinds of thunderstorms or Cbs. These Cbs are classified as young, mature, and decaying types, and are assumed to have a scale of about 20 km on the average. Two parameters are used to classify these three kinds of Cbs based on the T85 data: a) the magnitude of scattering depression deduced from local T85(sub min) and b) the mean horizontal gradient of T85 around such minima. Knowing the category of a given Cb, we can estimate the rain rate associated with it. Such estimation is done with the help of relationships linking T85min to rain rate in each Cb type. Similarly, a weak background rain rate in all the areas where T85 is less than 260 K is deduced with another relationship linking T85 to rain rate. In our rain retrieval model, this background rain constitutes stratiform rain where the Cbs are absent. Initially, these relationships are optimized or tuned utilizing the PR and TMI data of a few MCS events. After such tuning, the model is applied to independent MCS cases. The areal distribution of light (1-10 mm/hr), moderate (10-20 mm/hr), and intense (>= 20 mm/hr) rain rates are retrieved satisfactorily. Accuracy in the estimates of the light, moderate, and intense rain areas and the mean rain rates associated with such areas in these independent MCS cases is on the average about 15 %. Taking advantage of this ability of our retrieval method, one could derive the latent heat input into the atmosphere over the 760 km wide swath of the TMI radiometer in the tropics.
机译：85 GHz通道（T85）中的热带降雨测量任务（TRMM）微波成像仪（TMI）辐射计亮度温度数据在包含中尺度对流系统（MCS）的区域地图中显示了不同的局部最小值（T85min）。这是因为TMI通道中的足迹尺寸相对较小（约5.5 km），并且消光性能强。从TRMM卫星上的降水雷达（PR）进行的同时测量得出的该区域的表面降雨率地图显示，这些散射产生的T85（sub min）对应于局部PR降雨最大值。利用PR降雨率图作为指导，我们从TMI数据中凭经验推断出存在三种不同类型的雷暴或Cbs。这些Cb被分类为年轻，成熟和衰变类型，并假设平均规模约为20 km。基于T85数据，使用两个参数对这三种Cb进行分类：a）从局部T85（次分）推导的散射抑制的大小； b）围绕该最小值的T85的平均水平梯度。了解给定Cb的类别，我们可以估计与之相关的降雨率。借助将T85min与每种Cb类型的降雨率相关联的关系，可以完成这种估算。同样，推论出T85小于260 K的所有区域的背景降雨率很弱，这是通过将T85与降雨率联系起来的另一关系得出的。在我们的雨水回采模型中，背景雨构成了无Cb的层状雨。最初，这些关系是利用一些MCS事件的PR和TMI数据进行优化或调整的。经过此类调整后，该模型将应用于独立的MCS案例。令人满意的恢复了降雨（1-10 mm / hr），中等（10-20 mm / hr）和强烈（> = 20 mm / hr）降雨率的区域分布。在这些独立的MCS案例中，对轻，中，强雨区的估计准确度以及与这些地区相关的平均降雨率平均约为15％。利用我们的检索方法的这种能力，可以在热带地区的TMI辐射计的760公里宽幅带上将潜热输入到大气中。

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